A) a corporate commitment to go beyond society's expectations for ethical strategies and business behavior to addressing the unmet noneconomic needs of society.
B) striking a balance between (1) the economic responsibility to reward shareholders with profits, (2) the legal responsibility to follow the laws in countries where it operates, (3) the ethical responsibility to abide by society's moral norms,and (4) the discretionary philanthropic responsibility to contribute to the noneconomic needs of society.
C) deliberate actions to protect the environment and provide for the longevity of resources,maintain ecological support systems for future generations,and guard against the ultimate endangerment of the planet.
D) developing strategies that yield a sustainable competitive advantage that will allow the company to be sustainable for the long term.
E) All of these.
G) C) and D)
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A) it generates internal benefits (as concerns employee recruiting,workforce retention,training,and improved worker productivity) .
B) it reduces the risk of reputation-damaging incidents.
C) it is in the best interest of shareholders.
D) the potential for increased buyer patronage.
E) All of these
G) None of the above
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A) there is no such thing as "moral free space"-all ethical standards are determined by societal norms,and individuals have an implied social contract to live up to these standards.
B) few nations or cultures have common moral agreement on what is ethically right and wrong.
C) there should be no absolute limits put on what actions and behaviors fall inside the boundaries of what is ethically or morally right and which actions/behaviors fall outside.
D) "first-order" universal ethical norms always take precedence over "second-order" local ethical norms.
E) each country/culture/society has commonly held views about what constitutes ethically appropriate actions/behaviors;these common standards of what is ethical and what is not combine to form a "social contract" that all individuals in that country/culture/society are obligated to observe.
G) C) and E)
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A) Every business has a moral duty to be a good corporate citizen.
B) Acting in a socially responsible manner reduces the risk of reputation-damaging incidents.
C) Acting in a socially responsible manner is in the overall best interest of shareholders.
D) To the extent that a company's socially responsible behavior wins applause from consumers and fortifies its reputation,a company may win additional patronage.
E) Acting in a socially responsible manner can generate internal benefits (as concerns employee recruiting,workforce retention,training,and improved worker productivity) .
G) A) and B)
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A) concepts of what constitutes ethical behavior and unethical behavior are dictated by subjectively provable moral principles but not by objectively provable moral principles.
B) concepts of right and wrong are universal within countries/societies but not across countries or cultures.
C) concepts of what is ethical and what is unethical are universal and absolute,leaving no room for deviation from country to country or circumstance to circumstance.
D) to the extent there is common moral agreement about right and wrong actions and behaviors across multiple cultures and countries,there exists a set of universal ethical standards to which all societies,all companies,and all individuals can be held accountable.
E) all societies and countries are obligated to apply universally defined ethical principles of right and wrong as set forth in the Global Code of Ethical Behavior adopted by 150 nations of the world.
G) A) and E)
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A) sharp drops in stock prices.
B) devastating public relations hits.
C) sizable fines.
D) criminal indictment and convictions of company executives.
E) All of these.
G) A) and C)
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A) developing a consensus among companies worldwide as to what ethical principles that businesses should be expected to observe in the course of conducting their operations.
B) what ethical behaviors should be expected of company personnel in the course of doing their jobs.
C) the application of ethical principles and standards to business activities,behavior,and decisions.
D) developing a special set of ethical standards for businesses to observe in conducting their affairs.
E) picking and choosing among the consensus ethical standards of society to arrive at a set of ethical standards that apply directly to operating a business.
G) A) and D)
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A) the school of ethical relativism.
B) the school of ethical universalism.
C) integrative social contracts theory.
D) the global corruption standards published by Transparency International.
E) the Global Code of Ethical and Social Morality developed by the United Nations.
G) A) and E)
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