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Which of the following is NOT an approach communities have tried to address shoreline problems?


A) construction of a seawall
B) construction of a jetty
C) lowering the local sea level
D) building a breakwater
E) replenishing sand

F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

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If the amount of ice on the planet increased to the amount that was present during the last glacial maximum, how much would it cause global sea level to fall? If you do not remember the approximate size of this rise, the volume of additional ice is 52,000,000 km3 and the surface area of the world's ocean is 361,000,000 km2.


A) less than 10 centimeters
B) 10 centimeters to 1 meter
C) 1 meter to 10 meters
D) 10 meters to 50 meters
E) more than 50 meters

F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

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How are silt deposits called loess related to glaciers?


A) they accumulate in lakes trapped behind glaciers
B) they form in lakes as the lakes dried up at the end of the ice ages
C) they were deposited by large glacially caused floods in the Pacific Northwest
D) they are wind-blown accumulations and commonly are derived from glaciers

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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What is probably the least expensive approach for avoiding shoreline hazards?


A) bringing in sand to replenish what is lost to storms
B) using private insurance money to rebuild houses destroyed by erosion and waves
C) using federal disaster money to rebuild houses destroyed by erosion and waves
D) forbid the building of houses or other structures in high-risk areas
E) building up the land level so communities, such as New Orleans, are above sea level

F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Which numbered features) on this photograph are consistent with the presence of glaciers sometime in the past? Which numbered features)  on this photograph are consistent with the presence of glaciers sometime in the past?   A)  1, an arête B)  2, U-shaped valley C)  3, tarn D)  all of these


A) 1, an arête
B) 2, U-shaped valley
C) 3, tarn
D) all of these

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Till is:


A) sorted but not stratified.
B) stratified but not sorted.
C) sorted and stratified.
D) neither sorted nor stratified.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Which feature on this diagram is a tarn? Which feature on this diagram is a tarn?   A)  1, the circular depression at the head of the valley B)  2, a lake in the upper valley C)  3, a steep ridge D)  4, a valley that is above the level of the main valley


A) 1, the circular depression at the head of the valley
B) 2, a lake in the upper valley
C) 3, a steep ridge
D) 4, a valley that is above the level of the main valley

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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How can climate influence the processes along coastal landscapes


A) it controls the amount of precipitation, which affects the amount of erosion
B) it affects the size and intensity of storms
C) wet climates result in more vegetation which may stabilize the soil
D) melting glaciers cause sea level to rise
E) all of these

F) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

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What is one reason why the East Coast has so many bays and islands?


A) the land has been uplifted by recent faulting
B) the land has been downdropped by recent faulting
C) water released from melting glaciers raised sea level
D) a large tsunami from a meteoroid impact scoured the coastline

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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